Robinson Crusoe By Daniel Defoe Essays - English-language Films

Ida B. Wells Essay -- essays research papers

Ida B. Wells was a lady committed to a reason, a reason to keep a huge number of individuals from being killed by lynching. Lynching is characterized as to go rogue and slaughter somebody in discipline for a wrongdoing or an assumed wrongdoing. Ida B. Wells’ back round made her a sensible representative against lynching. She drew on numerous encounters for a mind-blowing duration to help in her campaign. Her situation as a dark lady, in any case, influenced her validity both all through America in a couple of various ways. Â Â Â Â Â Her guardians supported the foundation of this crusader to make her an extraordinary representative. She additionally held situations for a mind-blowing duration that permitted her to become familiar with a ton about lynching. She was powered by her characteristic drive to scan for reality. Wells was naturally introduced to bondage in Holly Springs, Mississippi. Her dad, James Wells, was a craftsman and her mom was a cook. After the Civil War her folks turned out to be politically dynamic. Her dad was known as “race'; man, a term given to African Americans associated with the authority of the network. He was a nearby agent, a bricklayer, and an individual from the Board of Trustees of Shaw University. The two guardians gave Ida solid good examples. They tried sincerely and held spots of regard in the network as forward-looking individuals. James and Elizabeth (mother) Wells imparted their girl a sharp feeling of obligation to God, family, and network. Ida’s foundation was strengthene...

How Service Animals Help People With Anxiety

How Service Animals Help People With Anxiety Social Anxiety Disorder Coping Print How Psychiatric Service Animals Help Social Anxiety Disorder By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on April 04, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on July 22, 2019 Social Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Service animals help those with social anxiety disorder. Getty / Westend61 Are you interested in obtaining a service animal to help you cope with social anxiety disorder (SAD)? There are different definitions and rules regarding animals that can help individuals with mental disabilities. Your choice of animal will depend on the circumstances that you face and your daily needs.   Definition of a Psychiatric Service Animal While most people think of service animals as those that help individuals with physical disabilities (such as blindness), they also help those with medical conditions and psychiatric illness. In this way, psychiatric service animals are just one specific type of what is legally known as a service animal. Based on the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), a service animal is a dog that is individually trained to do work or perform tasks for a person with a disability. Only dogs and miniature horses are recognized by the ADA as service animals as of March 15, 2011.   Note that the Fair Housing Act and Air Carrier Access Act have different definitions of assistance animals and service animals than the narrow definition of the ADA. Service animals may also be defined more broadly in your particular state or local area. Check with your state attorney generals office to learn what applies in your area. Emotional Support Animal Vs Psychiatric Service Animal According to the ADA, service animals are working animals, not pets. Animals who are only there to offer comfort or emotional support for SAD and other mental illnesses (known as emotional support animals) are not recognized as service animals by the ADA. Unlike service animals, emotional support animals (ESA) are not trained in skills to support a disability. Generally, individuals who have emotional support animals do not require that these animals go with them in public places, while those with service animals do. So if you have SAD, an emotional support animal would be there to provide comfort but not do specific tasks for you. What kinds of animals can serve as ESAs? Any type that you would normally consider a pet, including dogs, cats, birds, and exotic animals. ESAs are permitted to fly in the cabin of an aircraft and qualify for no-pet housing  but have no other special  privileges. Psychiatric Service Animal You need an animal to perform a major life task. For example, the dog can predict your panic attacks and lead you to a safe place. You need the animal to accompany you to public places. You have a comorbid disorder, such as depression and panic disorder, in addition to SAD. Emotional Support Animal The presence of an animal provides comfort. You don’t need the animal to go with you to public places. You have social anxiety disorder. What Is an Emotional Support Animal? Where You Can Take Your Service Animal The ADA states that service animals must be permitted to accompany people with disabilities in all areas where members of the public are allowed to go. Local governments, business, and non-profit organizations must comply with these rules. If you have social anxiety disorder, your service animal has to be allowed to go anywhere that you goâ€"from the cafeteria to the doctors waiting room. You also cant be charged an extra fee for your service animal, so if youre spending a night in a hotel with a pet fee, ask that it be waived. What Your Service Animal Will Wear Your service animal is not required to wear a special vest or harness. This may be helpful if you live with social anxiety, as it could be traumatizing to have people ask about your service animal and why you need him or her. However, you should take small steps and talk to others about your animal when you are ready.   However, there are regulations about leashes. Under the ADA, your service animal will need to be wearing a leash or harness of some sort, unless this interferes with the animals workâ€"in which case, you need to be able to control your dog with your voice or through hand signals. What You Can Legally Be Asked When out in public, you may legally be asked If your dog is required because of a disability? and What work has your dog been trained to perform? Thats it. You dont need to answer any other questions that are asked. You cannot be asked about your specific disability, to provide medical documentation or training documentation for your dog, or to have your dog demonstrate the work he/she performs. Unfortunately, though, many individuals are not familiar with these rules. Air Travel Traveling on an airplane with a service animal is relatively straightforward. The airline is not permitted to require anything of you beyond what they can legally ask you. If you have an ESA instead of a service animal for your social anxiety, you will be required to provide a letter, not more than a year old, on letterhead, from a mental health professional. The letter must state that you have a mental health disability listed in the DSM-5 (but they cannot ask for you to specify your diagnosis), that your animal is necessary for your health/treatment, and that the letter is written by a mental health professional caring for you. Airlines may also ask you for documentation about the mental health providers license. How Service Animals Help With SAD When it comes to SAD, examples of tasks that your service animal might do include the following:Reminding you to take prescription medicationAlerting you to rising anxiety so that you can leave a situation before you become overwhelmedBlocking other people from getting too close to youLeading you to a quiet place or exit if you have become overwhelmed by anxietyLeading you to a seat if you are about to faintPhysically bracing you if you become dizzy or disorientedCalling 911 for you using a K9 rescue phoneAlthough having a service animal by your side may make it easier to talk to strangers, service animals are not supposed to be approached while they are performing tasks. How to Obtain a Service Animal The first step toward obtaining a service animal if you have social anxiety disorder is to speak with your doctor or mental health professional. You will need to qualify for a service animal under the ADAâ€"for which a diagnosis of SAD will be sufficient. If you dont have an official diagnosis, requesting an assessment will be your first step toward obtaining a service animal.  You will then need to approach an agency to locate an animal. Your doctor may be able to provide a referral or contact an agency on your behalf. Service animals are not provided for freeâ€"you will need to pay for the animal. So be sure that you have the financial resources to do so, as well as to provide care for the animal in the long term. If the upfront cost of a service animal is too much, you could consider training an animal yourself. Be aware, however, that there will still be expenses over the years. You should budget about $2,000 a year for your animal. Animals That Can Be Trained as Service Animals The Role of Service Dog Organizations Service dog organizations serve a number of purposes. Usually, they provide an opportunity for service animal owners to become members and register their animals. Registering a service animal with an organization may help to reduce discrimination and problems with access without you having to disclose the nature of your disability. This may be especially helpful for SAD, since it is a condition that may not be obvious to others. While the public should not question that you have a disability, having your dog registered may just make life easier. If you feel comfortable, have your animal wear a vest, harness, or patchâ€"these will usually say Service Dog or something similar. The  United States Service Dog Registry (USSDR) offers a registry with  free  and voluntary online self-registration.   Health Benefits of Pet Ownership In a study of the role of pets among 177 individuals with serious mental illness, it was found that pets helped by providing empathy, making social connections easier, being a family member, and strengthening sense of self-efficacy and empowerment. This study shows that pets are more than just companions. If you are not so severely impaired by your social anxiety that you need a service animal, a regular petâ€"be it a dog, cat, bird, iguana, whatever you feel comfortable withâ€"just might give you the added support and confidence to face your social fears. How Having a Pet Affects Your Stress Levels A Word From Verywell While it may seem confusing at first, obtaining an animal to help with your social anxiety does not need to be difficult. Consider which type of animal is most suited to your situation (service animal, emotional support animal, or family pet), contact your medical professional as necessary, and evaluate your ability to support an animal in your home.   The 7 Best Online Anxiety Support Groups

Civil War Essay - 1024 Words

The Universe of Battles Episode Five nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;1863 a series of battles were fought between the Confederate army and the Union Army. Battles such as: Gettysburg, Viscksburg, Battery Wagner, Chickamauga Creek, and Chattanooga. Along with these battles the Gettysburg Address was presented, the role of women was noticed, and riots in New York broke out. Many say that these battles were the turning point of the U.S. Civil War. General Robert E. Lee, from the south and George G. Meade from the north lead their troops. On July 4th Robert E. Lee surrendered to the north, and the south was defeated. The Battle of Gettysburg is considered to be the turning point of the Civil War. Late in May the Confederate army marched†¦show more content†¦SO many men were being killed, and the rebels lines of men were being shot down. Men were killing and shooting each other at point blank ranges. Many of the Confederate men were captured and killed. The Confederates were defeated. General Lee took all the blame for the defeat, and said it was â€Å"all my fault†. The next day the Confederates marched back to the south. This was the turning point of the Civil War. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Late May is when the battle of Vicksburg was fought. This was a fight for the control of the Mississippi River. The union controlled all of the river except for just below Vicksburg. Ulysses S. Grant and his men were on land and Admeral Davids Porters shot at land from the river. Many civilians were scared, and dug caves to live in. Living in these caves made the people feel like they were â€Å"living like roots†. The civilians had low food, and this went on for forty-eight days. Adventually the confederates again surrendered and Grant was the hero of this battle. The Battle came to an end July 4, 1863, and the confederacy was now cut into two parts. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;. This was the battle of Cickamauga Creek. This creek was called the river of death, both the Union and Confederacy was sick, cold and hungry.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;This battle was a great defeat for the South. In August 1863, General William Rosecrans from theShow MoreRelatedThe War Of The Civil War921 Words   |  4 PagesThere are no doubts that acts of war can have a negative impact on the individuals involved. There are countless stories of the soldiers’ experiences in the war, and how it affected their lives, families, and attitudes. However, there is a large demographic that is hardly accounted for: children, specifically during the Civil War era. Understanding the children that lived in the time of the Civil War is important because it affected their future careers, shaped their attitudes towards race, and affectedRead MoreThe War Of The Civil War964 Words   |  4 Pageswasn’t one sole cause of the Civil War but there were many even ts that took the country to war and put brother against brother and states against states. Abraham Lincoln wanted to preserve the union and that could only be attained by civil war. Slavery which was an underlying cause for the war played its role in the division that divided the North against the South. Ultimately the preservation of the union, slavery and the consequences and conflicts leading to the Civil War all rested on President Lincoln’sRead MoreThe War Of The Civil War1522 Words   |  7 PagesCosts The war produced about 1,030,000 casualties, including about 620,000 soldier deaths—two-thirds by disease, and 50,000 civilians. The war accounted for roughly as many American deaths as all American deaths in other U.S. wars combined. Based on 1860 census figures, 8% of all white males aged 13 to 43 died in the war, including 6% in the North and 18% in the South. Union army dead, amounting to 15% of the over two million who served, was broken down as follows: Notably, their mortality rateRead MoreThe War Of The Civil War777 Words   |  4 PagesThe widespread violence that turned into the Civil War began with the election of 1860. Abraham Lincoln won the election of 1860 without a single vote from the states below the Ohio River. South Carolina was the first state to respond to Lincoln’s election. On December 20, 1680, South Carolina seceded from the Union. South Carolina was the first of the â€Å"Original Seven† who seceded from the Union, including Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas. This became known as â€Å"secessionRead MoreThe War Of The Civil War1039 Words   |  5 PagesThe civil war is by far the bloodiest war in American history. In the four deadly years of war, over six-hundred thousand Americans were killed. Many disputes that led to the civil war. These conflicts started under Presiden t James Buchanan who was a Democrat elected in the election of 1856. The issue of slavery, states’ rights, the abolitionist movement, the Southern secession, the raid on Harper’s Ferry, the election of Abraham Lincoln all contributed to the start of the civil war. The civil warRead MoreThe War Of The Civil War Essay1444 Words   |  6 PagesThe story of this outlaw originated during the Civil War years, April 12,1861-May 9, 1865. The War were the rich sat and watched, while the poor died. A War that wanted to keep black people as slaves permanently by the South (Confederates). Newton Knight quickly grew unhappy with the situation that the people of Jones County, where he was originally from were in. He also did not approved of slavery at all. Newt was the Outlaw who freed Jones County s people, whites and blacks alike when they mostRead MoreThe War Of The Civil War1284 Words   |  6 PagesEnglish 30 January 2015 The Civil War There are many facts most people generally do not know about the Civil War, so much research is needed to improve one’s knowledge about the Civil War. Authors such as: Robert G. Lambert, Rustle B. Olwell, and Kay A. Chick were all helpful in this research. Many people think that everyone on the Union side of the war believed that blacks should be equal to whites. Most people also think that everyone on the Confederate side of the war believed in slavery. SomeRead MoreThe War Of The Civil War1723 Words   |  7 PagesThe Civil War is by far the bloodiest war in American history. In the four deadly years of war, over six-hundred thousand Americans were killed. Many disputes that led to the civil war. These conflicts started even before the presidency of James Buchanan, who was a Democrat elected in the election of 1856. The issue of slavery, states’ rights, the abolitionist movement, the Southern secession, the raid on Harper’s Ferry, the election of Abraham Linc oln all contributed to the start of the Civil WarRead MoreThe War Of The Civil War Essay944 Words   |  4 Pages The War of Succession, universally known as the Civil War, was a war unlike any other. According to the Civil War Trust, â€Å" it was the most immensely colossal and most destructive conflict in the Western world between the cessation of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815 and the onset of World War I in 1914.† It commenced when the Confederate army assailed Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861. The Civil War was a rigorously catastrophic event for both the North and the South. About 360,000 of the Union’s men wereRead MoreThe War Of The Civil War1704 Words   |  7 Pagesof thousands of Americans volunteered to fight in the Civil War, also known as the First Modern War. The main causes of this war were the economic and social differences between the North and the South. These differences led to other fundamental issues such as slavery and its abolition. In addition to that as the war was coming to its end, federal authorities found themselves presiding over the transition from sla very to freedom.After the war, there was a 12-year period best known as the Reconstruction

Robert Frost Essay - 873 Words

â€Å"Good fences makes good neighbors,† is a small portion from the Mending Wall written by one of modern times most proficient writers, Robert Frost. Two of the critical articles I examined were quite helpful in gaining a better understanding of the â€Å"Mending Wall† and also of Robert Frost’s poetry. The Gale Research shows the best and most effective understanding of the â€Å"Mending Wall,† mainly because it deals specifically with that poem. It basically states that the poem is built around two attitudes, that of the speaker, which the Gale critic presumes is the poet, who is imaginative and an independent thinker and that of the neighbor, who prefers not to question anything (Gale). The other article deals more with other poetry that Robert†¦show more content†¦The Gale Research article continues by saying the wall bothers the poet, believing it to be unnecessary. The article goes on by elaborating the poet’s feelings saying the wa ll divides the speakers apple trees from the neighbors pine trees. The conclusion I receive when I read this portion of the article is the poet feels that the wall is binding the relationship between the two men and without it would increase their friendship, while the neighbor likes to keep his thoughts t himself allowing privacy to exist. My own belief sway more towards that of the neighbor, privacy allows for good neighbors, hence the statement â€Å"Good fences make good neighbors,† which is expressed in the poem. In the book â€Å"Critical Reception,† the author, Linda W. Wagner, writes several articles of her opinion on some of Robert Frost’s work. I found â€Å"Critical Reception† very helpful in understanding â€Å"Mending Wall† because it gave me an insight on Frost’s style and similar themes in his poetry. I concluded that Robert Frost, in some of his works including â€Å"Mending Wall,† was a poet fascinated by the mind and by very earthly objects; dealing with how people felt about life in conjunction with the environment. For example, in the poem â€Å"Sand Dunes,† Frost describes the sea and a woman, who in actuality is the sand dune. He transforms the sand dune into a person by referring to the dune as a she (Wagner 72). Some of Frost’s works share this theme of making nature into a person, whichShow MoreRelatedFrost, By Robert Frost1976 Words   |  8 PagesRobert Frost, an indigenous New England poet, is deserving of an ovation for his contributions and magnitude in American Literature. Frost advises his readers to be actively engaged in questioning the world we inhabit (49, Dickstein). In most of Frost’s work, readers and critics enjoy his choices of theme, likely being the outdoors and his surroundings. By using â€Å"emotions recollected in tranquility† and his organic and inviolable relationship with his countryside, he celebrates New England’s naturalRead MoreRobert Frost1276 Words   |  6 PagesRobert Frost has been described as an ordinary man with a deep respect for nature, talking to ordinary people. To what extent do you agree with this view? Poetry is a literary medium which often resonates with the responder on a personal level, through the subject matter of the poem, and the techniques used to portray this. Robert Frost utilises many techniques to convey his respect for nature, which consequently makes much of his poetry relevant to the everyday person. The poems â€Å"Stopping by WoodsRead MoreRobert Frost1943 Words   |  8 PagesA Snowy Evening with Robert Frost Robert Frost once said, â€Å"It begins as a lump in the throat, a sense of wrong, a homesickness, a loneliness. It is never a thought to begin with. It is at best when it is a tantalizing vagueness.† (â€Å"Poetry Foundation† n.d.). This poem holds a lot of mystery in its meaning which has a variety of interpretations. John T. Ogilvie who wrote, â€Å"From Woods to Stars: A pattern of Imagery in Robert Frost’s Poetry† interprets this as a poem about the journey through lifeRead MoreFrost, By Robert Lee Frost1565 Words   |  7 PagesAs Robert Lee Frost, an honored American poet once said, â€Å"A poem begins as a lump in the throat, a sense of wrong, a homesickness, a lovesickness.† Frost earned respect through his expertise in colloquial language, and his descriptive interpretations of rural life. Frost often analyzed social and philosophical leitmotifs using settings from early twenty-first century New England. Frost was honored in his life time with four Pulitzers. Furthermore, focusing mostly on analyzing Frost’s most popularRead MoreThe Poetry Of Robert Frost3137 Words   |  13 Pagesexamine the poetry of Robert Frost for references to themes of nature, religion, and humanity and how they relate to each other. This exercise will be prefaced with a brief introduction to the man and his life as a segue to better understanding Frost’s verse. The unexpected but unavoidable aim of this composition will be to realize that Frost’s body of work is almost too sophisticated to comprehend, his manipulation of language so elusive that each reader may believe Frost is speaking only to themRead MoreEssay on Robert Frost1248 Words   |  5 Pages Robert Frost   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Robert Frost, an Americian poet of the late 19th century, used nature in many of his writings. This paper will discuss the thought process of Frost during his writings, the many tools which he used, and provide two examples of his works.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Robert Frost was born in San Franciso on March 26, 1874, but later moved to Lawrence, Massachuschusetts (after his father died) where he did most of his writing. He was a simple man who taught, worked in a mill, was a reporter, wasRead More Robert Frost Essay559 Words   |  3 Pages Robert Frost nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Robert Lee Frost, was one of America’s leading 20th Century poets, and a four time winner of the Pulitzer Prize. Frost did not receive these recognitions until his later years when his poetic brilliance was finally recognized. â€Å"Frost was a pioneer in the interplay of rhythm and meter†( Waggoner 1). Frost’s brilliance was contributed by many things; including his life, career, and literary works. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Robert Frost was born on MarchRead MoreRobert Frost Essay1314 Words   |  6 PagesRobert Frost was a very successful author who wrote many award winning poems. Frost’s career in poetry took some time, but he eventually reached his goal of becoming a popular poet. Frost has had a very successful life as an author, but that wasn’t until he was noticed. Frost has won four Pulitzer Prizes for Poetry and various other awards. Robert Frost was world renowned and even attended John F. Kennedy’s inauguration. Frost wasn’t noticed until he was nearly 40 years old, but he kept working towardsRead MoreRobert Frost Essay1396 Words   |  6 PagesRobert Frost Robert Frost is one of the few twentieth century poets to receive critical acclaim and popular acceptance (Magill 728). His simplistic style appeals to the novice and expert poetry reader alike. Robert Frosts understated emotional appeal attracts readers of all literary levels. Frost develops subtly stated emotions and a clever use of imagery in his poetry. Influences on his poetry include his family, work, and other life experiences (Oxford 267). Frost also works to developRead MoreEssay on Robert Frost1443 Words   |  6 Pages Robert Lee Frost was born in San Francisco on March 26, 1874 and died in Boston on January 29, 1963. Frost was considered to be one of America’s leading 20th century poets and a four-time winner of the Pulitzer Prize. He was an essentially pastoral poet who was often associated with rural New England. Frost wrote poems of a philosophical region. His poems were traditional but he often said as a dig at his archrival Carl Sandburg, that â€Å"he would soon play tennis without a net as write free verse

Indigenous Health for Health Sciences for Health- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theIndigenous Health for Health Sciences for Health Issues. Answer: Introduction In the present scenario, one of the most important aspects that must be observed in each and every scenario is cultural safety. The very name cultural safety brings this idea, that it is basically referring to the attempts or the efforts made in order to protect the cultural and the social differences that exists in the background of each and every individual (Brascoup and Catherine 2009). This cultural difference has to be maintained in each and every work scenario like that of health and education services. The main aim of the paper will be to see why cultural safety is very much needed within the context of the Australian healthcare centers. This is because of the fact that there is large scale discrimination and injustice done towards the Aboriginals or the Torres Islanders (Brascoup and Catherine 2009). Hence, they often have to suffer through a large scale of displeasing attitudes from many of the health professionals. This indeed is a major disgrace on part of the Australian h ealth service institutes. Hence, efforts are to be made so that there can be the creation of a totally new, different and refreshed environment where the Aboriginals well be treated with not only proper care in a respectful manner as well (Brascoup and Catherine 2009). Among the many different health professions one of the important one is that of a Medical and Health Service Manager. He is someone who is responsible for planning and maintaining a specific area or department (Rix et al 2015). In other words, they can exercise the overall control over the proper implementation of health care laws, proper treatment of patients, avoiding of the unjust discrimination between the patients based on their origin and cultural history (Frey et al 2014). Principles of cultural safety Health practitioners reflect on their own practice Talk to, ask and engage with the clients or the patients seek to minimize the power differentials undertake a process of decolonization Ensure that we do not diminish, demean or disempower others through our actions Health professionals reflect their own experiences Self reflection Self-reflection is the way in which all the medical professionals can narrate their own experiences that they have gained during the entire course of their work. The process of self-reflection also talks about the critical way of thinking (Freeman et al 2014) The health professionals often try to think and talk about all their experiences in a more justified and logical manner. As this is a real problem of the Australian health care services that the Aboriginals are treated with great disrespect, health professionals must speak about their own experiences in a way that is outside the age-old code of conduct made by the society (Yeung 2016). There are many important aspects that the doctors need to follow while describing their self experiences and their self reflections. Self reflection is very important part of professional development (Came et al 2017). . The first and the foremost step that is taken by the health professionals is identification of the problems that are prevalent at work. The next step that follows is the formulation of the different strategies that are to be used for solving the problem. There must also be an ongoing inquiry on the progress of the rectification measure of the problem. (Came et al 2017) Critical reflection Being a medical and health service manager, I have been able to witness these scenarios in a very close way. Aboriginals are the people who usually reside in the remote and rural sections of Australia and are often ill-treated due to many reasons (Yeung 2016). I have often seen that the professional of my own department is very much reluctant in extending their services to the Aboriginals. This is really a great disgrace on part of a health service department because their main duty is to extend their helping hands to the ones in need and here, they are discriminating between patients based in their culture, race and language. Talk to, ask and engage with the clients or the patients Self reflection The main purpose of any and every health care department must be to try their level best in curing their patients. They must try their patients with extra care and attention. It is the prime duty of each and every member associated with health department to know and realize the fact that their patients are the ones who are in need and have approached them with a great hope. Hence, it is their duty to treat their patients as their fellow human beings first and then as patients. In other words, they must not only be given medical aid but also proper emotional and moral support. The health professionals must keep it in their mind that different paients can come from different cultural backgrounds. Owing to the cultural differences they must be having many different faiths, beliefs and customs. As a result of which, it is important for all the health professionals to be very alert while speaking with all their patients. None of the words or the actions of the health professionals must go beyond the emotions and feelings of their patients. (Ridenet al 2014). Critical thinking A medical and health service officer, I always ask my subordinates to behave very politely with all their patients. In order to appear polite with their aboriginal patients, the doctors need to know the background history of such patients. This will enable the doctor to know the different harshness through which these patients had to suffer. If the Doctors come to know that these aboriginal patients are subjected to a lot of racial tortures and discriminations then this will definitely make the Doctors deal with these patients in a totally different manner. The doctors must initially use their interpersonal skills in order to make those patients comfortable. The doctors must however remember that they must not treat these patients as a special or a reserved group; he must treat those patients normally but with more care and attention. This will be n effort to make those patients know that they are not isolated or abandoned. Rather they are free people just like everyone else; they wi ll get equal rights and opportunities to use all health and medical facilities. We must keep in mind that the Aboriginals are people who have suffered a lot already. They often face difficulty not only because they are poor and live in distant remote regions but also because they face many language barriers and financial barriers as well. So, I make sure that my team knows how to engage the Aboriginal patients in conversations. The doctors and other health care professional must appear very polite to them and try to know about the problems that they face. There must be efforts to make towards community engagement and involvement. This can be very much helpful for the Aboriginals to communicate about their health problems and get the necessary treatment for their cure. This is one of the most important aspect of a medical and health service manager to see that he has sufficient competency in his interpersonal skills. It is he who has to manager an entire team of other health service professionals. So, it is of utmost importance for him to ensure that all his subordinates are successful in making the patients feel at ease and comfortable. The efforts must be made to remove all hesitations between the patients and their doctors. These will be done only through smooth conversation and interpersonal interactions between the two. Seek to minimize the power differentials Self reflection It is very important to establish and distinguish these power differentials between a therapist and his clients. These power differentials are very much important in developing an area of comfort and faith between the two, on one hand. On the other hand, it also enables the therapist to treat his patient in a positive way. The doctors must make sure that there is never any power struggle or conflict of position and power going on between a doctor and his patients. It is the duty of the Doctors to remember that his patients are the ones who have approached him in order to cure themselves. Hence, it is the duty of the Doctor to try his level best in helping out his patients by using anything and everything that is permitted by his knowledge. If the therapist or the doctor behaves in a rude way with his patients, this will have a negative impact on the doctor patient relationship. The patients might think that they are inferior to the Doctors. The doctors must know how to respect the ch oices and the decisions poof their patients rather than bossing over them or imposing unnecessary restrictions on them (Durey 2010). Critical thinking Being a medical and health service manager, I have to work a lot on this particular area. This is because the Aboriginals or the Torres islanders are people who are already very much dominated and marginalized. Hence, while interacting with them, I always make sure that there is a comfort zone created between me and my patients so that they no longer feel hesitant. I encourage them to speak with me freely and narrate all their problems. I always try to break their misconception that I and other doctors have a kind of authority or ownership over them. I always try to make them feel at ease. I also instruct the same to all my subordinates that they must treat their patients with empathy. Medicinal help is always not sufficient for all the patients. What they need is proper emotional and moral support. I try my level best to see that there is an area of comfort and understanding between me and my patients. There must not be any hesitation otr fear working within the patients. I make sure that my patients are never under this feeling that they are under my ownership. They must never feel inferior in front of their doctors. We are there to help them and support them emotionally. I always try to encourage them in every possible way. Undertake a process of decolonization Self reflection Colonization must be diminished. In other words, the practice of segregating people into small, isolated colonies must be given up. Critical thinking As a medical and service manager, I must manage the affairs of an entire team of health professionals. I always instruct them to appear very freely with the Aboriginals and to give them the feeling, that is one among us. They must be brought to the center from the margins. As doctors, it must be our duty to empower our patients as well. It must be the duty of the Doctors and all the other health care professionals to see that there is no social disparity between their patients. The aim of the doctors must be to generate social justice and equality. This can be done by following a process of Decolonization. The aboriginals were so longer colonized and were treated as a restricted, backward class. They were also denied the basic rights to heal and medical facilities (Walker et al 2014). Hence, it must be the duty of the Doctors to decolonize these small communities. Doctors must treat the indigenous patients just as they treat the non indigenous patients. However special care and empat hy is needed for these patients but at the same time they are to be given proper recognition. Doctors must always give equal rights and opportunities to both the indigenous and the non indigenous patients. Ensure that we do not diminish, demean or disempower others through our actions Self reflection It must be ensured by the health care institutes that none of their actions must hurt the emotions of the Aboriginals. It must be their duty to support the Aboriginals not only by giving them the proper treatment but also by entering them the moral and emotional support (Walker et al 2014). As a Doctor, it must be his responsibility to see that none of his actions or words ever hurt the emotion of any of his patients. They must ensure that none of their activities hurt or demean any of their patients in the course of the treatment (Paul et al 2015). It is for this reason that the doctors must have a clear knowledge about the social cultural history of their patients. So, that none of the words or actions of the Doctors hurt the emotions of their clients. They must never discriminate between their patients based on their social position or cultural aspects. They must treat everyone equally and with proper justice. Critical thinking I make sure that none of my or my teams activity ever hurts the sentiments of the Aboriginals. None of our words must hurt their emotions. We must remember that our duty is to bring them out of the injustice and discomfort that they have been suffering over the ages rather than pushing them more towards it. I make sure that I have a sufficient knowledge about the cultural background of all my patients, particularly the aboriginals. This will enable me to carry on all my further actions very attentively do that none of them evrr hurt the emotions of my patients (Paul et al 2015). At the same time I also suggest the same thing to all my subordinates so that before starting their treatment they must also have a good and thorough knowledge about the socio cultural backgrounds of the patients. (Walker et al 2014). Conclusion Thereby, it can be concluded that the discrimination between the Indigenous and the non-Indigenous people are increasing day by day. A large amount of this is happening due to the institutionalized and systemic racism, which the society and the doctors particularly, are becoming a victim of. Hence, efforts must be made by the Government to enforce laws in support of the Aboriginals. This can be done by bringing in the Aboriginals into the main stream social activities. They must be given proper lodging, educational and also proper health and medical facilities. They are to be brought into the centers of the society from the margins. So, it is the duty of the Doctors and all the health care professionals to have a clear knowledge about the cultural and the social backgrounds of the patients. This will enable the Doctors to carry on their treatment in such a way that none of their actions or words would ever hurt the emotions or the cultural beliefs of the indigenous patients. Doctors must make sure that they keep in mind all the principles of cultural safety like keeping a record of their self experiences, to see and analyze the problems existing at the work place, talk with their patients with their interpersonal skills to make them feel comfortable and give up all hesitations. Doctors must abolish all power struggles existing between them and their patients. They must also empower the indigenous patients by decolonizing them and make sure that none of their words and actions are disempowering them. References Brascoup, S. and Catherine Waters BA, M.A., 2009. Cultural safety: Exploring the applicability of the concept of cultural safety to Aboriginal health and community wellness.International Journal of Indigenous Health,5(2), p.6. Came, H.A., McCreanor, T. and Simpson, T., 2017. Health activism against barriers to indigenous health in Aotearoa New Zealand.Critical Public Health,27(4), pp.515-521. Clifford, A., McCalman, J., Bainbridge, R. and Tsey, K., 2015. Interventions to improve cultural competency in health care for Indigenous peoples of Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the USA: a systematic review.International Journal for Quality in Health Care,27(2), pp.89-98. Durey, A., 2010. Reducing racism in Aboriginal health care in Australia: where does cultural education fit?.Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health,34(s1). Freeman, T., Edwards, T., Baum, F., Lawless, A., Jolley, G., Javanparast, S. and Francis, T., 2014. Cultural respect strategies in Australian Aboriginal primary health care services: beyond education and training of practitioners.Australian and New Zealand journal of public health,38(4), pp.355-361. Frey, R., Raphael, D., Bellamy, G. and Gott, M., 2014. Advance care planning for M?ori, Pacific and Asian people: the views of New Zealand healthcare professionals.Health social care in the community,22(3), pp.290-299. Pauly, B.B., McCall, J., Browne, A.J., Parker, J. and Mollison, A., 2015. Toward cultural safety: nurse and patient perceptions of illicit substance use in a hospitalized setting.Advances in Nursing Science,38(2), pp.121-135. Riden, H., Jacobs, S. and Marshall, B., 2014. New Zealand nurses views on preceptoring international nurses.International nursing review,61(2), pp.179-185. Rix, E.F., Barclay, L., Stirling, J., Tong, A. and Wilson, S., 2015. The perspectives of Aboriginal patients and their health care providers on improving the quality of hemodialysis services: a qualitative study.Hemodialysis International,19(1), pp.80-89. Walker, R., Schultz, C. and Sonn, C., 2014. Cultural competenceTransforming policy, services, programs and practice.Working together: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander mental health and wellbeing principles and practice, pp.195-220. Yeung, S., 2016. Conceptualizing cultural safety: Definitions and applications of safety in health care for Indigenous mothers in Canada.Journal for Social Thought,1(1), pp.1-13.

The last decade has seen the rise of many new tech Essays

The last decade has seen the rise of many new technological developments, one of the most prominent of these developments has been the internet. The Internet has already managed to weave itself into our daily lives where we use it for the simple communication of e-mail or to retrieving large volumes of information. More recently the Internet has been incorporated into businesses which have ranged from 'online' grocers to travel agents and real estate agents. This electronic commerce has many advantages to the consumer such as increased price transparency, ease of use, and its capability to offer information to consumers about products. Electronic commerce also has many disadvantages such as the constant security threat to consumers from the theft of their credit card numbers and personal details by hackers and the inability of consumers to feel and examine the products. These advantages and disadvantages will probably result in several major changes in the way business is conducted i n the future. Electronic commerce offers many advantages to both consumers and firms. It is very convenient for consumers as there are no shop hours and orders can be placed any time of the day. Electronic commerce also allows companies to have much larger markets, once you are on the Internet you are everywhere. A customer in Japan can buy exactly what a customer in the UK buys from the same electronic store. The capability to purchase products at ease from all over the world would eventually result in the weakening of international boundaries and increased trade between countries. For example when the machinery for one of General Electric's light-bulb factories broke down, GE would invite bids from four domestic suppliers. With the help of the Internet General Electric extended its bidding abroad, and awarded the contract to a Hungarian firm saving 20%. The Internet will also increase price transparency dramatically and bring about price harmonization. With the capability to find and list thousands of firms selling the same or similar products in a matter of seconds it would be nearly impossible for firms to sell their products at higher price s.

JAZZzzz essays

JAZZzzz essays Jazz has been an influence in many artist's work, from painting to other forms of music. Jazz is an American music form that was developed from African-American work songs. The white man began to imitate them in the 1920's and the music form caught on and became very popular. Two artists that were influenced by jazz were Jean-Michel Basquiat and Stuart Davis. The influence is quite evident in many of their works, such as Horn Players, by Basquiat, and Swing Landscape, by Davis. Stuart Davis was born in Philadelphia in 1894. He grew up in an artistic environment, his father was art director of a Philadelphia newspaper, who had employed Luks, Glackens, and other members of the Eight. He studied with Robert Henri from 1910 to 1913, made covers and drawings for the social realist periodical The Masses, which was associated with the Ash-can School, and exhibited watercolors in the Armory Show, which made an overwhelming impact on him. After a visit to Paris in 1928 he introduced a new note into U.S. cubism, basing himself on its synthetic rather than its analytical phase. Using natural forms, particularly forms suggesting the characteristic environment of American life, he rearranged them into flat poster-like patterns with precise outlines and sharply contrasting colors. He later went on to pure abstract patterns, into which he often introduced lettering, suggestions of advertisements, and posters. The zest and dynamism of such works as Swing Landscape reflect his interest in jazz, which Davis considered to be the counterpart to abstract art. Davis is often considered to be the outstanding American artist to work in a cubism idiom. He made witty and original use of it and created a distinctive American style, for however abstract his works became he always claimed that every image he used had its source in observed reality. Davis once said " I paint what I see in America, in other words I paint the American scene." Stuart Davis' w...

An Introduction to Iambic Pentameter

An Introduction to Iambic Pentameter When we speak of the meter of a poem, we are referring to its overall rhythm, or, more specifically, the syllables and words used to create that rhythm. One of the most interesting in literature is iambic pentameter, which  Shakespeare nearly always used when writing in verse. Most of his plays were also written in iambic pentameter, except for lower-class characters, who speak in prose. Iamb What Iamb In order to understand iambic pentameter, we must first understand what an iamb is. Simply, put an iamb (or iambus) is a unit of stressed and unstressed syllables that are used in a line of poetry. Sometimes called an iambic foot, this unit can be a single word of two syllables or two words of one syllable each. For instance, the word airplane is one unit, with air as the stressed syllable and plane as the unstressed. Likewise, the phrase the dog is one unit, with the as the unstressed syllable and dog as the stressed.   Putting the Feet Together Iambic pentameter refers to the number of total syllables in a line of poetry- in this case, 10, composed of five pairs of alternating unstressed and stressed syllables. So the rhythm ends up sounding like this: ba-BUM / ba-BUM / ba-BUM / ba-BUM / ba-BUM Most of Shakespeare’s famous lines fit into this rhythm. For example: If mu- / -sic be / the food / of love, / play on(Twelfth Night) But, soft! / What light / through yon- / -der win- / -dow breaks?(Romeo and Juliet) Rhythmic Variations In his plays, Shakespeare didn’t always stick to ten syllables. He often played around with iambic meter  to give color and feeling to his character’s speeches. This is the key to understanding Shakespeares language. For instance, he sometimes added an extra unstressed beat at the end of a line to emphasize a characters mood. This variation is called a feminine ending, and  this famous question is the perfect example: To be, / or not / to be: / that is / the ques- / -tion(Hamlet) Inversion Shakespeare also reverses the order of the stresses in some iambi to help emphasize certain words or ideas. If you look closely at the fourth iambus in the quote from Hamlet above, you can see how he has placed an emphasis on the word â€Å"that† by inverting the stresses. Occasionally, Shakespeare will completely break the rules and place two stressed syllables in the same iambus, as the following quotation demonstrates: Now is / the win- / -ter of / our dis- / content(Richard III) In this example, the fourth iambus emphasizes that it is â€Å"our discontent,† and the first iambus emphasizes that we are feeling this â€Å"now.† Why Is Iambic Pentameter Important? Shakespeare will always feature prominently in any discussion of iambic pentameter because he used the form with great dexterity, especially in his sonnets, but he did not invent it. Rather, it is a standard literary convention that has been used by many writers before and after Shakespeare. Historians are not sure how the speeches were read aloud- whether delivered naturally or with an emphasis on the stressed words. This is unimportant. What really matters is that the study of iambic pentameter gives us a glimpse into the inner workings of Shakespeare’s writing process, and marks him as a master of rhythm to evoke specific emotions, from dramatic to humorous.

Project management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Project management - Case Study Example Utilisation Utilization = Actual output/ Design capacity In this case the actual output is 12,000kg and designed capacity of 20,000kg. Utilization will be; 12,000/20,000*100%= 60%. 60% utilization determine the effective capacity since if the plant is not turned on, then the effective capacity is zero. Ultimately, the dry cleaner designs will have some redundancies which lead to simple de-bottlenecking "adding" to capacity.   v. Efficiency Efficiency is the actual output as determined through a percent of effective capacity. Hence, it is given as; actual output / effective capacity. In this case study, efficiency will be; (12,000/16,000) * 100% = 75%. (b) Managing Actual Output, Utilisation and Efficiency of the resources available The concern in the dry cleaning business is more on productivity that relates to competitiveness. The business will not be able to earn greater profit or charge a lower price. There is need for the business to increase its efficiency from 75% to over 80% to boost operational efficiency whenever probable. Utilization as well is at 60% which is low. The solutions to increasing utilization is through keeping the dry cleaning equipment in proper operational conditions, correcting quality problems, reducing bottlenecks and training of employees (Krajewski & Ritzman 2005). In order to increase the actual output, the company must use a benchmarking method which measures capacity from choice of one not requiring adjustment or constant updates. The dry cleaning company can benchmark the existing operational efficiency against other efficient dry cleaners in the locality whether in emerging or mature markets. The next step is to evaluate the efficiency of work process to point out areas requiring improvement. Finally, the company can develop solutions meant to increase performance in these areas. This can include checking the speed of receipt of garments, sorting, cleaning, drying and packaging of cleaned clothes. Increasing the hours worked for each employee is one input which should be increased to over 70% but by not increasing the number of employees to run the dry cleaning business (Krajewski & Ritzman 2005). The gains or losses must be tracked and performance standards established. The company should also create worksheets capturing weekly, monthly and yearly data. Question 2 Devise and implement a brief project management plan to include; a) Scope Management Scope management ensures clarity of project guidelines drawn from the triple constraints such as cost, quality and time or schedule. For instance, a construction project synchronises the triple constraints to drive stakeholders’ perceptions of the success of the project. The scope of the project plan is monitored for probable changes if the scope of the project changes (Carly 2004). Agreeing on the scope ensures minimal rework which commits extra resources, time and cost overruns. In the case of the construction project, the prefabs will take 45 days to complete 4 houses. The expected project cost will be $4500. This project is anticipated to be made of cedar, cemented floor and Gall sheet roofing. The project will involve a sufficient amount of work, only necessary work is carried out and work completed contributes to success of the construction project. The project will use existing technology since it is conventional (Thieraus et al 2009). The scope is clearly defined and the design

Human Relations - Conflict Resolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Human Relations - Conflict Resolution - Essay Example For example, Heitler (1993) focuses a lot of attention on the psychological aspects of a conflict and Varney (1989) gives similar ideas in his own research. It is noted that the primary sources of conflict are based in miscommunications, the relationship of the people involved in the situation and personal biases. All of these are linked directly to psychological issues and thus it may be possible to handle the situation with the tools used by psychologists. The ideas presented in the book are also in agreement with those presented by Nelson (1995) who gives several approaches to resolving conflicts amongst which the first is to directly confront the problem of the conflict. Psychologically, conflicts may be difficult to bring out to the open but handling them in an objective manner and then deconstructing the issue for a resolution may be the best way to go. Heitler (1993) also links conflicts to emotions and the approach given by PDI (1999) is no different since the approach seeks to build understanding rather than to accept the conflict as a given. If there is understanding between conflicting parties, it would be possible for them to see each other’s viewpoint and then empathize with each other about how one solution could be acceptable to all parties involved in the conflict. Such inclusion would certainly create a win-win situation that would certainly be taken by all individuals who are seeking fair play and justice. The book goes into a lot of depth about how bargaining and negotiations can be used to arrive at a settlement of many issues but in certain cases, a bargain may even have to be enforced in the case where there is a clear guilty party. However, in most cases the conflict will need to be resolved with negotiations and bargaining where individuals can present their own solutions to the problems they have. The person mediating the conflict then has to see which parts of the two possible

Religious Themes in Macbeth Essays -- Literary Analysis

William Shakespeare wrote the play Macbeth in approximately 1606. The play is a tragedy and this can be often identified before we have even read the play. The title â€Å"Macbeth† alone suggests the genre of the play is a tragedy as it is the name of a character. Life in Shakespeare’s time was very religious and the play was written in order to please King James I who was on the throne at this point. The idea of the theme of religion and witchcraft fitting into the play was also to please King James I as he was interested in witchcraft. The majority of people living in Shakespeare’s time were Christians and they believed that if you lived a good life, you would go to Heaven and if you were bad in life, you would go to Hell. At the time of the play, King James I was on the throne and this is significant as he makes Banquo a good character as he is the King’s Ancestor. This influenced Shakespeare’s writing because he had to write a play to please the King so Shakespeare included witchcraft as King James I was interested in witchcraft. The text of the play is based on â€Å"Chronicles: History of England, Scotland and Ireland† published by Raphael Holinshed in 1577. In Chronicles, Banquo is an accomplice to Macbeth in the murder of the King rather than a loyal subject of the King who is seen as an enemy by Macbeth. Shakespeare could have changed Banquo’s character in order to please King James I. The witches fit into the theme of Macbeth as the play is very religious and involves witchcraft and the powers of evil. In Act 1, Scene 1, the three witches meet in the battlefields to talk about when they are going to meet Macbeth following the fighting. In Act 1, Scene 1 Shakespeare uses pathetic fallacy to show the mood of the scene. The weathe... ...is warning him of what will happen. To further extend my point, the second and third apparation go on to say ‘Macbeth shall never be vanquished until Great Birnam Wood to High Dunsinane shall come against him’ which again warns Macbeth of What is to come. I believe Macbeth would have done such deeds as he goes on in the play to talk about his ‘Vaulting ambition’ This line suggests that Macbeth all along could have had a burning desire to be king and just needed the edge from the witches to kill King Duncan. Throughout the whole play we could consider Lady Macbeth as a fourth witch as she try’s to persuade Macbeth to kill King Duncan. Overall, I believe that Macbeth was a villain as he had a ‘Vaulting ambition’ to become King with a little help from the witches. The witches had great effect on Macbeth as a character and a huge effect on the plot of the play.

Religion and Environmental Ethics

RELS5149 Religion and Envirnomental Ethics Student#1155012742 – Li Wai Tat, Victor Does Christianity have a â€Å"Burden of Guilt† in our Ecological Crisis? Introduction and Methods In 1967, Lynn White Jr. , published a paper in Science (Vol 155, 1967, pp 1203-1207) â€Å"The Historical Roots of Our Ecological Crisis†, which was to become a seminal work on the relationship of Ecology and Christianity and had since then provoked enumerous debates on the topic.In the paper he wrote â€Å"Christianity bears a huge burden of guilt† and concludes that â€Å"Hence we shall continue to have a worsening ecologic crisis until we reject the Christian axiom that nature has no reason for existence save to serve man. † White depicted Western Christianity as seeing the world existing primarily for the benefit of man, and man, bearing God's image and sharing in great measure God's transcendence of nature, exploit nature for his proper ends according to God's will. This thesis of White shall be referred to as â€Å"Dominion Hypothesis† for ease of identification in this paper. But are the claims in his Dominion Hypothesis valid? Does Christianity bear a burden of guilt for the ecological crisis of the world? The purpose of this paper is to assess the strength of his thesis by firstly analysing what the biblical scriptures and theologians have to say with regard to the relationship of God, man and the environment.Next the symptoms and origins of our ecological crisis are examined, after which their ties with Western Christianity are assessed to determine whether the later has causal relationship with the former. Finally, after arriving at the conclusion, some recommendations are presented. 1 White's Thesis White's thesis can briefly be summarized as: â€Å"All forms of life modify their contexts, and the human race has in one sense simply done this more than others. However, the human impact on the environment, whilst frequently detrime ntal in the past, was given an added impetus by Christianity in its Westernized form.Western society, as a product of Westernized Christianity, inherits an exploitative attitude to the natural world which is the key to our present ecological crisis. † (Richardson, 1998) . White depicted Western Christianity as seeing the world existing primarily for the benefit of man, and it is according to God's will that man exploit nature for his proper ends. Biblical verses that align to the Dominion Hypothesis Arguably the following passages from the Bible are aligned to the Dominion Hypothesis and are most frequently cited by ecology critics of the Bible. Then God said, ‘Let us make man in our image, after our likeness; and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the birds of trhe air, and over the the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thinng that creeps upon the earth' So god created man in his own image, in the image of God he created him; male and female he created them. And God blessed them, and God said to them ‘Be fruitful and multiply, and fill the earth and subdue it; and have dominion over the fish of the sea and over every living thing that moves upon the earth. And God said, ‘Behold, I have given you every plant yielding seed which is upon the face of all the earth, and every tree with seed in its fruit; you shall have them for food. ‘ † (Gen. 1:26-29) â€Å"Yet thou has made him little less than God, and dost crown him with glory and honor. Thous hast given him dominion over the works of thy hands; thous hast put all things under his feet; all sheep and oxen, and also the beasts of the field, the birds of the air, and the fish of the sea, whatever passes along the paths of the sea. † (Ps. 8:5-8) 2 And God blessed Noah and his sons, and said to them, ‘Be fruitful and multiply, and fill the earth. The fear of you and the dread of you shall be upon every beast of the earth, and upon every bird of the air, upon everything that creeps on the ground and all the fish of the sea; into your hand they are delivered. Every moving thing that lives shall be food for you; and as I gave you the green plants, I give you everything. † (Gen. 9:1-3) â€Å"You have made them to be a kingdom and priests serving our God, and they will reign on earth† (Rev. 5:10).According to exegeses by theology scholar (Hiebert, 1996), â€Å"the term ‘dominion,' from the Hebrew verb â€Å"radah†, implies that it grants humans the right and responsibility to rule, to govern the rest of creation. It connotes a hierarchy of power and authority in which the human race is positioned above the rest of the natural world, although the verb radah does not itself define how this dominion is to be exercised, whether benevolently or malevolently. The laws of Leviticus, when they stipulate that household servants are not to be *ruled* harshly (Lev. 25:43, 46, 53), imply t hat this kind of dominion may be kind and humane.Yet the use of radah in the context of international relations, where it is more commonly employed, carries a decidedly more antagonistic tinge, since it signifies rule over one*s enemies. It occurs frequently in descriptions of military conquest, where it is paired with such verbs as *destroy* (Num. 24:19) and *strike down* (Lev. 26:17; Isa. 14:6). When used of the Israelite king, radah always refers to dominion over his enemies, not to rule over his own Israelite subjects, for which the verb malak, *reign,* is the usual term. Similar conclusions may be drawn about the phrase *subdue the earth* in Gen. :28. The verb *subdue,* from the Hebrew kavash, depicts a hierarchical relationship in which humans are positioned above the earth and are granted power and control over it. The verb kavash is even more forceful than radah, describing the actual act of subjugation, of forcing another into a subordinate position. It is used for military conquest, where the same phrase used in Gen. 1:28, *subdue the earth/land,* can be employed to depict the destruction and occupation of conquered territory (Num. 32:22, 29). It is also used of the king*s forcing his people into slavery against God*s wishes (Jer. 4:11, 16), and of rape (Esther 7:8; Neh. 5:5). In many of these cases, the abuse {19} of power is patently obvious. † 3 Biblical verses that align to the Eco-Friendly perspective On the other hand, the following verses can be interpreted as being aligned to an EcoFriendly view:†Let the heavens be glad, and let the earth rejoice; let the sea roar, and all that fills it; let the field exult, and everything in it! Then shall all the trees of the forest sing for joy before the LORD, for he comes, for he comes to judge the earth. He will judge the world in righteousness, and the peoples in his faithfulness. (Psalm 96:11-13) â€Å"Praise the LORD! Praise the LORD from the heavens; praise him in the heights! Praise hi m, all his angels; praise him, all his hosts! Praise him, sun and moon, praise him, all you shining stars! Praise him, you highest heavens, and you waters above the heavens! Let them praise the name of the LORD! For he commanded and they were created. And he established them forever and ever; he gave a decree, and it shall not pass away. a Praise the LORD from the earth, you great sea creatures and all deeps, fire and hail, snow and mist, stormy wind fulfilling his word! Mountains and all hills, fruit trees and all cedars! Beasts and all livestock, creeping things and flying birds! Kings of the earth and all peoples, princes and all rulers of the earth! Young men and maidens together, old men and children! Let them praise the name of the LORD, for his name alone is exalted; his majesty is above earth and heaven. † (Psalm 148:1-13) *When you besiege a city a long time, to make war against it in order to capture it, you shall not destroy its trees by swinging an axe against them ; for you may eat from them, and you shall not cut them down.For is the tree of the field a man, that it should [m]be besieged by you? Only the trees which you known are not fruit trees you shall destroy and cut down, that you may construct siegeworks against the city that is making war with you until it falls. † (Deuteronomy 20:19-20) *When you enter the land and plant any kind of fruit tree, regard its fruit as forbidden. For three years you are to consider it forbidden; it must not be eaten. In the fourth year all its fruit will be holy, an offering of praise to the Lord. But in the fifth year you may eat its fruit.In this way your harvest will be increased. I am the Lord your God. † (Leviticus 19:2325) â€Å"You shall not let your cattle breed with a different kind; you shall not sow your field with two kinds of seed; nor shall there come upon you a garment of cloth made of two kinds of stuff. † (Leviticus 19:19) â€Å"For six years you shall sow your land an d gather in its yield; but the seventh year you shall let it rest and lie fallow, that the poor of your people may eat; and what they leave the wild beasts may eat. † (Exodus 23: 10-11) 5 â€Å"The nations were angry, and your wrath has come.The time has come for judging the dead, and for rewarding your servants the prophets and your people who revere your name, both great and small * and for destroying those who destroy the earth. * (Rev 11:18) â€Å"For true and righteous are his judgments: for he hath judged the great whore, which did corrupt the earth with her fornication, and hath avenged the blood of his servants at her hand. † (Rev 19:2) â€Å"They will neither harm nor destroy on all my holy mountain, for the earth will be filled with the knowledge of the Lord as the waters cover the sea. (Isaiah 11:9) â€Å"The wolf and the lamb will feed together, and the lion will eat straw like the ox, but dust will be the serpent's food. They will neither harm nor destro y on all my holy mountain,† says the LORD. † (Isaiah 65:25) Theology scholars commenting on this view of nature of the Old Testament wrote : â€Å"†¦ It is therefore fair to conclude that nature is far from ‘de-animated' in Biblical thought. † (Wybrow, 1990), â€Å"The natural world may not be seen as sacred or divine in the Bible, but it is certainly not dead, lifeless, and outside the divine moral framework†¦ here are no scriptures suggesting that nature was viewed as dead matter to be manipulated by man.. † (Kinsley, 1995). Referring to the theme of the kingdom of God running through the New Testament, Zerbe (1992) argues that the New Testament has significant ecological implications, he explained: â€Å"Isaiah*s vision of restored humanity and nature climaxes with the statement that there will no longer be any hurt or destruction in creation (Isa. 11:9; 65:25). And John*s vision of judgment states that those who destroy the earth will t hemselves be destroyed (Rev. 11:18; 19:2).It is noteworthy that the prophetic critique of Rome in Rev. 17:1-19:4 closely connects greed and the earth*s destruction: the insatiable desire for consumption and wealth is what results in the destruction of people and the earth. † The corresponding passages are as quoted above. 6 Alternative view: Dominion Theology in Genesis 1 vs. Dependence Theology in Genesis 2 And lastly, but most importantly, consider the following two verses, both from Genesis 2:†Then the Lord God formed a man from the dust of the ground and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and the man became a living being. (Genesis 2:7) â€Å"The Lord God took the man and put him in the Garden of Eden to work it and take care of it. † (Genesis 2:15) What is very important to the discussion in this paper is that according to Hiebert (1996), as evident in the above verses, Genesis 2 presents an alternative to the dominion theology of Genesis 1, which he calls dependence theology. His thesis being that the first human is made of the same arable soil as are all of other forms of life; and the divine breath into which his nostrils blown is the same with which all the animals live and breathe (Gen. :7; 7:22). The role of the human in the earth described is not that of mastery but of servanthood. In this account of creation, the theology of the human place in creation is not a theology of dominion but a theology of dependence (Hiebert, 1996). This theology is evident in other parts of Scripture, examples including Psalm 104 and the Book of Job (McKibben,1994). According to Hiebert: â€Å"†¦ In this tradition (Genesis 2), the human being is positioned very differently within the world of nature.Here the archetypal human is made not in the image of God but out of topsoil, out of the arable land that was cultivated by Israelite farmers (Gen. 2:7). As a result of this kind of creation, humans hold no distinctive position among liv ing beings, since plants and animals also were produced from this same arable soil (2:9, 19). Moreover, the role assigned humans within creation in this story is not to rule (radah) and to subdue (kavash) but rather to {23} *serve* (avad; Gen. 2:15; 3:23). The Hebrew term avad is properly translated *till* in these verses (NRSV), since it clearly refers to the cultivation of arable land.But avad is in fact the ordinary Hebrew verb *serve,* used of slaves serving masters and of humans serving God (Gen. 12:16; Exod. 4:23). â€Å", the conflicts of Genesis I and Genesis 2 notwithstanding, there are lots of thesis arguing that there is no inconsistency between the two chapters and the ouvert differences are due to different ways in recapitulation only . (Young, 1960),(Archer, 1964),(Kitchen,1966) On another plane of our discussion, we shall now turn to a brief discussion of the historical origins of our ecological crisis. 7 The Historical Origins of our Ecological CrisisThere is genera l consensus that the planet earth is heading towards environmental catastrophe due to alarming development at different fronts: the green house effect, acid rain, damage to ozone layer, deforestation, loss of biodiversity, chemical pollution, freshwater shortage, etc. , amongst others. (Magdoff & Foster, 2011).. But how did all these pollutions started? according to Thorsheim (2006), in his book â€Å"The Invention of Pollution†, it all started with the use of fossil energy, which was conducive to the Industrial Revolution.The first largescale commercial use of fossil energy was coal in Britain in the 1800's, which he referred to as a â€Å"Faustian bargain† for Britain, since on the one hand it helped to bring tremendous wealth, advance and power to the country, whilst on the other coal also filled the air with immense smoke and acidic vapors, which was one of the origins of what we now call the â€Å"green house effect† and â€Å"acid rain†. Fossil oil as energy had also been popularized ever since Edwin L. Drake drilled the first oil well in 1853, but the impact on the environment is equally as detrimental as Coal, if not more so.The fossil energy application was conducive to the Industrial Revolution, and the Industrial Revolution had led to the advance in comfort, convenience and enjoyment, from dwelling comfort to transport convenience to material needs, leading to the abundance and later overabundance in supply of products. Consumerism in the past decades had eventually been invented in order to â€Å"help† us to recognize our needs, and due to the needs for growth of enterprises, some products have also began to be designed with â€Å"built-in obsolescence†.All these initiatives had contributed to the generation of ever more wastes than in the centuries before the industrial revolution, much more than can be â€Å"sinked† by the earth, which contributed to the chemical pollution of soil, water, which has also altered the bio-diversity of the Earth. 8 Ever since the Industrial Revolution, the consumption of energy has experienced exponential growth (see figure 1. 1). Concomitantly, different kind of detrimental impacts had been inflicted upon the ecology of the earth (see figure 1. 2).As an in-depth analysis of our ecological crisis is out of the scope of this paper, focus is now centred on the â€Å"origin† of the crisis, viz. the advent of fossil energy application, which shall be discussed below. Some key developments relating to fossil energy application:1665 Invention of the first modern industrial steam engine by English inventor Edward Somerset which can use wood or coal as fuel 1794 First produce of Coal Gas by William Murdoch 1853 First refinement of Kerosene by Abraham Gesner 1859 Drilling of first Oil Well by Edwin Drake 1859 Building of the first practical self-combustion engine by Etienne Lenoir Religious Background of the Inventors / Innovators Astonishingly, wh at the above key developments have in common, according to research by the author, is that all the inventors / innovators were Judeao-Christian in religious belief, as can be listed below according to extant data. Inventor/Innovator Place of Birth Religion Edward Somerset (1601-67) Monmouthshire, Britain Roman Catholic William Murdoch (1754 – 1839) Cumnock, Scotland Roman Catholic Abraham Gesner (1797-1864) Nova Scotia, Canada Protestant Christian Edwin Drake (1819-1880) New York, U. S. A. Jewish Jean-Joseph-Etienne Lenoir (1822-1900)Mussy-la-Ville, Belgium Roman Catholic However, just as one cannot say that the inventions or innovations in fossil energy application has been due to Western Christianity, as otherwise one will fall into the â€Å"post-hoc ergo procter hoc† fallacy, it is likewise not valid to attribute the ecological crisis directly to Western Christianity. However, If we put the question conversely by asking that if the inventors/innovators were panthei stic, believing that the nature is sacred in itself and should be reverred, then it is highly unlikely that the inventions/innnovations had been conjured and accomplished by them.Science and Christianity It has been argued that science and christianity are coherent to each other, A British Scientist, Robert Clark, once said â€Å"†¦ we may interpret the fact scientific development has only occurred in a Christian culture. The ancients had brains as good as ours. In all civilizations, Babylonia, Egypt, Greece, India, Rome, Persia, China and so on, science developed to a certain point and then stopped. It is easy to argue speculatively that science might have been able to develop in the absence of Christianity, but in fact, it never did. And no wonder.For the non*Christian world felt there was something ethically wrong about science. In Greece, this conviction was enshrined in the legend of Prometheus, the fire*bearer and prototype scientist who stole fire from heaven thus incur ring the wrath of the Gods. † 10 Consider also these statements from renowned scientists; William Thomson: â€Å"Do not be afraid to be free thinkers. If you think strongly enough, you will be forced by science to the belief in God. † Isaac Newton: â€Å"This most beautiful system of the sun, planets and comets could only proceed from the counsel and dominion of an intelligent and powerful Being†¦ , Stephen Hawking:†In fact, if one considers the possible constants and laws that could have emerged, the odds against a universe that produced life like ours are immense. † Conclusion This paper has attempted to examine the hypothesis of Lynn White's that Christianity bears significant responsibility for the earth's ecological crisis. The author has attempted to typologize and quote verses from the scriptures, exegeses and writings of theologians on the Biblical scriptures depicting the relationship of God, man and nature.Whilst according to the Dominion the ological perspective as discussed above, the hierarchal relationship of God->Man->Nature (see figure 1. 3) is apparent, in the Dependence theological perspective, the hierarchal relationship of God->Man ; God -> Nature (see figure 1. 4) is also evident. God God Man Man Nature Nature Figure 1. 3 The Dominion Perspective Figure 1. 4 The Dependence Perspective Other verses as listed under the section â€Å"Passages that echo Eco-Friendly† also act as a counter-argument for the Dominion hypothesis.It would seem therefore that White's hypothesis that â€Å"†¦ Western Christianity sees the world existing primarily for the benefit of man† and therefore â€Å"Christianity bears a huge burden of guilt† is not grounded solidly, because as mentioned above, there are many verses which encourage man to be benign to our environment, and conversely, there is no single passage asking man to abuse nature for his primarily benefit only. However, if White argued that â€Å"C hristians bears a burden of guilt†, then it is less reputable, as explained in the next paragraph. 11If one concurs that scientific thinking is coherent to Christian belief, as discussed above, and like White argues in his paper, Western Christianity has been contributory in promoting modern science and technological advance, and from the standpoint of the analysing of advent of fossil energy as the origin of our ecological crisis, which does have tremendous detrimental impacts to our environment, it seems evident that Christians do have a direct linkage to the inventions and innovations leading to the mass scale use of fossil energy, the detrimental origin to our ecological system. RecommendationsIt can be said that with subtlety in the Biblical scriptures, interpretations are often contingent upon the context and the wisdom of the readers, as inspired at different times. What can be said is that given the state of development before the advent of sciences, man had been under the perpetual threats of nature, from attacks by animals, storms, sickness to famines and other disasters. The Dominion theological perspective no doubt inspired man to develop creative thinking about mastering the nature for the betterment of his lifelihood and survival, lacking which man might still be living rather primitively.The advent of sciences and most notably the Industrial Revolution can be depicted as the epitome of this mentality. As our civilization, technology and wisdom progresses, we should now be in a position to recognize that a Dominion mentality to the nature is detrimental to our environment and it is time that we revisit the scriptures to investigate whether we have overlooked an alternative theology in the Bible for seeing our relationship with nature-the Dependence approach, treating the nature as equals of ours, in which we serve god to ensure its goodness, and ensuring its long term sustainability to prepare for the â€Å"Kingdom of God†. 2 Bibliog raphy Lynne White Jr (1967), ‘The Historical Roots of Our Ecological Crisis', reproduced in John Barr (ed), The Environmental Handbook (London: Ballantine/Friends of the Earth, 1971) pp 3-16. David Kinsley, Ecology and Religion: Ecological Spirituality in Cross-Cultural Perspective (Englewood Cliffs, N. J. : Prentice Hall, 1995) Richard Cameron Wybrow â€Å"The Bible, Baconism, and Mastery over Nature: The Old Testament and Its Moderrn Misreading† (Ph.D disserrtation, McMaster University, Hamillton Ont. Canada, 1990) p. 206 Theodore Hiebert, Professor of Old Testament at McCormick Theological Seminary, Chicago, Illinois. , Direction (Winnipeg, MB), 1996 Gordon Zerbe, Assistant Professor of New Testament at Canadian Mennonite Bible College, Winnipeg, Manitoba. , Direction (Winnipeg, MB), 1992 Howard Snyder, Liberating the Church: The Ecology of Church and Kingdom (Downers Grove: Inter-Varsity Press, 1983) 45-51.Young, Edward J. (1960) An Introduction to the Old Testament (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans Publishing Co. ). Archer, Gleason (1964), A Survey of Old Testament Introduction (Chicago: Moody Press). Kitchen, Kenneth (1966), Ancient Orient and Old Testament (London: Tyndale Press). Thorsheim, Peter (2006), Inventing Pollution: Coal, Smoke and Culture in Britain since 1800 13

American vs. Japanese Culture Essay - 1051 Words

Psychological anthropology is the study of individuals and their personalities and identities, within particular cultural contexts. In this paper I will identify two different cultures in the world which are the American and Japanese. Then, I will examine their traditions through various life cycles. Based on the behaviors, customs, and beliefs of each of the two cultures, I will discuss how personalities and identities are formed and shaped within the two different cultures. Finally, I will be giving two specific examples for each of the selected cultures. In Japan New Year is considered a family celebration. Most people go return to their home towns or parents homes. The majority of shops and restaurants close for 3 days, people start†¦show more content†¦White Day is the day when men have to give back the women what they have received from them in Valentine’s Day and of course the gift is doubled. The Japanese call it Knickers Giving Day and it is on March 14. The Japanese also hold memorial services for their dead at temples on the 7 days before the spring and autumn equinox and people visit their family graves. According to the Japanese Golden week is one of the 3 major holiday period in addition to the New Year and Obon (a Buddhist festival celebrating All Souls from July 13 to 31). It is called the Golden Week because it includes 3 public holidays within one week. Kodomo no hi which is on May 5 is devoted to boys only. So all the families with male children, fly paper streamers of carps called koinobori. To the Japanese it represents healthy growth. The children write poems or wishes on pieces of colored paper and attach them on tanabata trees. In addition, Japanese youths celebrate Halloween too but it is limited to wearing costumes in nightclubs in areas such as Roppongi or Shibuya in Tokyo and the kids are not allowed to trick and treat. The Japanese also have what is called Shichigosan. 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